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Glaucon's Fate: History, Myth, and Character in Plato's Republic, by Jacob Howland

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Review

“Jacob Howland masterfully reads Plato’s Republic as a work of literature and history. By putting the education of Glaucon―Plato’s brother―at the center of the text, he confirms Rousseau’s famous judgment that the Republic is the greatest work on education ever written. Socrates’ failure to turn Glaucon toward the philosophic life illustrates the vulnerabilities of philosophy when confronted with the allures of power and political rule. Glaucon’s Fate is a must-read for every serious student of Plato’s philosophy.”―Steven B. Smith, Alfred Cowles Professor of Political Science, Yale University “Glaucon’s Fate is splendid. It shows the Republic as no mere epic but a proper Greek tragedy, with the violence, as is traditional, taking place offstage. I found Howland’s book enlightening on every page.”―Lenn E. Goodman, Professor of Philosophy and Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities, Vanderbilt University “In Glaucon’s Fate, Jacob Howland reveals exquisitely how Plato’s thought was formed by his lived experience. Through close attention to the historical personalities in the circle of Socrates, Howland shows how memory of Glaucon―Plato’s brother, who also figures in Xenophon’s Memorabilia of Socrates―provided a foil for Plato to construct his ideal philosopher-ruler. Our reading of the Republic is richly informed by this book.”―Mark Munn, Professor of Ancient Greek History and Greek Archaeology, The Pennsylvania State University “Howland’s fascinating new book about Plato’s Republic is beautifully written, original, and profound. Providing evidence from the Timaeus, the Critias, and the Charmides as well as from other historical sources, Howland demonstrates Socrates’ rivalry with the tyrannical Critias for the soul of Glaucon, the likely failure of Socrates’ pedagogy, and Plato’s grave reservations about the philosophic rigor and scientific control in the city in speech. Illuminating the Republic’s drama and philosophy by situating the dialogue in Athens’s political history, Howland’s work is a masterful introduction for those reading Plato for the first time and a challenge for seasoned classical scholars.”―Mary Nichols, Professor Emerita of Political Science, Baylor University “Howland’s book reorients nearly every detail of this dialogue that we think we know so well. Glaucon’s Fate is an exhilarating read. It will change the landscape of the scholarly debate about Plato’s Republic for many years to come.”―Anne-Marie Schultz, Professor of Philosophy, Baylor University

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About the Author

Jacob Howland is McFarlin Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tulsa, where he teaches in the Honors Program as well as in philosophy. He has written and lectured on the work of Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, and Hegel, among others. He is the author of The Republic: The Odyssey of Philosophy, The Paradox of Political Philosophy: Socrates' Philosophic Trial, Kierkegaard and Socrates, and Plato and the Talmud.

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Product details

Paperback: 300 pages

Publisher: Paul Dry Books (November 20, 2018)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1589881346

ISBN-13: 978-1589881341

Product Dimensions:

6 x 1 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

5.0 out of 5 stars

3 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#39,743 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Jacob Howland's Glaucon's Fate examines the backstory behind the Republic. Howland presents evidence that the Republic was written after Glaucon's tragic death defending the Tyranny of the 30 and then goes on to examine how that historic fact, along with others, should shape our understanding of the Republic. Special attention is paid to the Greek myths that are referenced throughout the text, historical context, and the Republic's relation to other dialogues (esp. Critias, Timias, and Charmides) and Howland unpacks each of these to argue for a reading of the text that shows Plato is having Socrates tailor the creation of the cities to his dialogue partners in hopes of diagnosing and morally helping those with which he talks. Ultimately, the Callipolis is not Plato's vision of utopia, it's a terrible place that's meant to jar Glaucon into the pursuing a virtuous life and if he will not become a philosopher, he can at least become an auxiliary to a philosopher and thereby escape the tragedy before him.I found the book to be interesting and exciting. Thinking about the Republic as Plato wrestling with what his teacher might have said to save his brother adds a human, tragic element to the text which makes it that much richer. I also appreciated attention being paid to the Simple/First City as most of the secondary literature I've read on the Republic does not. Overall, an enjoyable read that helps bring out the literary qualities of the work.

Howland's magnificent Glaucon's Fate is built on a paradox. Plato, arguably the most complex and difficult of ancient writers, is more complex than we realize, but recognizing this can help us to understand his dialogues better. Howland suggests that the Republic describes Socrates' efforts to deflect Plato's own brother Glaucon from the ideas that would inflict a reign of terror on Athens following the city's defeat at the hands of the Peloponnesians in 404 BCE. Glaucon himself would fall victim to the paroxysm of violence in which he had a hand. Pointing out that the story begins at the place where Glaucon would later be killed, Howland posits that the Republic is an account of Socrates' project to save Glaucon's life by first saving his philosophical soul.Insofar as the kind of thinking that ultimately defeated Socrates' endeavor has supported--and continues to this day to support--totalitarian regimes, Howland opens up Plato's dialogue as a heroic hell-for-leather last-ditch at-the-barricades argument to stop and reconsider before the monster of oppressive "cleansing" hits the pavement. Again.Because of the paradox from which he works, Howland does what no other commentator of Plato has ever done. Instead of attempting to explain, summarize, generalize, or otherwise tame this notoriously perplexing work, he tells a complementary story that builds on and adds to the dialogue by taking its characters seriously and regarding the relationships among them as primary. The philosophical tales they tell, the positions they take, the arguments they put forward are looked at as communications between and among people who have plans and aspirations about which they feel some uncertainty, people competing with one another and vying for support. The field on which their plans and aspirations will manifest themselves is thus all-important. Instead of treating the work as an attempt to create an abstract and timeless system of ideas, Howland keeps it firmly grounded in historical Athens. Ironically, Socrates will lose his life for association with the ideological tyranny he seems to be trying his utmost to counteract, but Plato survives his own familial association with the perpetrators of the violence that took the lives of 1500 Athenian citizens within a period of eight months. And uncannily foreseeing the reappearance of ideological extremism in times to come, Plato recreates for us the arguments that failed to save either his own brother Glaucon or teacher Socrates. Perhaps he thought that knowing their fates, future readers would take more heed of the arguments they once made.As I read Howland's book I found myself thinking. A lot. Perhaps, paradoxically, even more than when I read the Republic itself. Despite having read the Republic in Greek and English and taught it at the university level, Plato's writing is so challenging to me that I spend most of my effort trying to keep up. I don't have energy left for much additional reflection. Howland's writing, on the other hand, frequently puts me in a space where I stop to draw parallels to present political and philosophical attitudes and events, especially our current predilection for divisiveness and ideological violence. Howland's book about the distant past could not be more timely, more interesting, or more vitally important.I highly recommend Glaucon's Fate to anyone who has been intrigued and challenged by the Republic, whether read in Greek or in translation. I equally enthusiastically recommend the book to those interested in the confluence of history, politics, and philosophy. And if you haven't read the Republic but would like to know what it is about, I strongly urge you to put this book ahead of any other source of information.

Glaucon's Fate is a remarkable new exploration of Plato's most complex dialogue: The Republic. With striking intuition and careful study, Howland forges a new interpretation of the text by examining its historical and philosophical import and weaving the two together. Even as a longtime student of literature steeped in criticism, Glaucon's Fate accomplishes what volumes of scholarly analysis have rarely done for me: it reinterprets as well as illuminates the text it discusses through a mixture of close analysis and inspired insight, and does so without pretense. Howland's argument--that consideration of the historical circumstances surrounding Glaucon, younger brother to Plato and key interlocutor in The Republic, are essential to understanding the dialogue in all its nuance—has helped me to better appreciate what is arguably the richest but most difficult of Plato's dialogues. Expertly achieved, Glaucon’s Fate is to be highly recommended to the philosopher, the lover of literature, and the historian alike.

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